NanoWiki - Brukerbidrag [nb]

Prosjektoppgave

2016-02-01T14:23:27Z

Mollystr:

I 9. semester (dvs. høst i 5. klasse etter vanlig studieprogresjon) skal alle studenter gjennomføre en prosjektoppgave verdt 15 studiepoeng. Venligvis er oppgavene praktiske (i motsetning til teoretiske oppgaver eller literaturstudier). På slutten av semesteret skriver man en rapport som legges til grunnlag for sensur av hele oppgaven.

Prosjektet kan enten gjøres ved et institutt på NTNU eller eksternt ved andre institusjoner (dette gjelder også [[Master|masteren]] i 10. semester). Eksempler på institutter som nanostudenter har skrevet prosjekt hos er IFY, IMT og IVT. Av eksterne institusjoner kan IFE og Radiumhospitalet nevnes.

Emner fra prosjektoppgaven videreføres ofte i [[Master|masteroppgaven]].

=Rapporter=
Under følger rapporter skrevet av studenter på innen de forskjellige fordypningsretningene på nano. Disse kan være nyttige å kikke på før man begynner å skrive sin egen oppgave, og også underveis i prosessen.

==Vår 2016==
===Bio===
* '''Development and Characterisation of a Nanotechnology-Enhanced Electrochemical Biosensor''' av Ane Tefre Eide. Hovedveileder Pawel Tadeusz Sikorski og medveileder Peter A. Köllensperger, begge ved IFY. Fortsettelse på prosjektoppgave. Arbeid med biofunksjonalisering av sensoroverflater og påfølgende karakterisering, syklisk voltammetri for elektrokjemisk karakterisering av sensoren og utforsking av mulighet for å bruke pH- og temperatursensitive nanopartikler som signalforsterkere.

===Elektro===

* '''Strongly Coupled Spin and Heat Currents in Superconducting Proximity-Coupled Structures''' av Marianne Bathen. Hovedveileder: Jacob Linder ved IFY.

===Materialer===

==Høst 2015==
===Bio===
* '''Optimisation of Stress in Thin Films for Use in an Electrochemical Biosensor''' av Ane Tefre Eide. Hovedveileder Pawel Tadeusz Sikorski og medveileder Peter A. Köllensperger, begge ved IFY. Mye eksperimentelt arbeid i NanoLab med stressoptimering i tynnfilmer av silisiumnitrid og platina, karakterisering med profilometer, SEM og reflektometer. Det overordna prosjektet med utvikling av en ny type biosensor er veldig spennende og har mange muligheter for ulike typer arbeid. Imøtekommende veiledere som er åpne for ideer og forslag.
===Elektro===
* '''Modifying the Electronic Density of States: Toward Giant Thermoelectric Effects''' av Marianne Bathen. Hovedveileder: Jacob Linder ved IFY.

===Materialer===

==Høst 2014==
===Elektro===
* '''Improved quantum detectors by increasing the fixed oxide charge''' av Molly Bazilchuk. Hovedveileder Jostein Grepstad ved NTNU og Jarle Gran ved Justervesenet. Jobbet ved MiNaLab ved UiO.

==Høst 2010==
===Bio===
* [[Media:SigmundBio2010.pdf|Photochemical Internalization of Chitosan/pDNA Nanoparticles]] av Sigmund Østtveit Størset. Sammarbeid mellom Institutt for Fysikk ved NTNU (Catharina de Lange Davies) og Institutt for Strålingsbiologi ved Radiumhospitalet (Kristian Berg).
* [[Media:TCbio2010_v2.pdf|Lessons from Nature]] av Thor Christian Hobæk. Veiledet av Professor Christian Thaulow ved Institutt for produktutvikling og materialer (IPM).

===Elektro===
* [[Media:Gpu_scattering_v1.pdf|X-Ray Scattering Simulations Using GPU-Enabled Algorithms]] av Andreas Lønning Reiten. Veiledet av Dag W. Breiby og Jostein Bø Fløystad ved Institutt for fysikk.

===Materialer===
* [[Media:CNC-project.pdf|Carbon Nanocones as Anode Material in Lithium Ion Batteries]] av [[Bruker:Mariusuv|mariusuv]]. IMT prosjekt av ypperste klasse, godt veiledet av Fride Vullum-Bruer og med Morten Onsrud som støttespiller i de hardeste stunder på laben.

Prosjektoppgave

2016-02-01T14:21:00Z

Mollystr: /* Vår 2014 */

I 9. semester (dvs. høst i 5. klasse etter vanlig studieprogresjon) skal alle studenter gjennomføre en prosjektoppgave verdt 15 studiepoeng. Venligvis er oppgavene praktiske (i motsetning til teoretiske oppgaver eller literaturstudier). På slutten av semesteret skriver man en rapport som legges til grunnlag for sensur av hele oppgaven.

Prosjektet kan enten gjøres ved et institutt på NTNU eller eksternt ved andre institusjoner (dette gjelder også [[Master|masteren]] i 10. semester). Eksempler på institutter som nanostudenter har skrevet prosjekt hos er IFY, IMT og IVT. Av eksterne institusjoner kan IFE og Radiumhospitalet nevnes.

Emner fra prosjektoppgaven videreføres ofte i [[Master|masteroppgaven]].

=Rapporter=
Under følger rapporter skrevet av studenter på innen de forskjellige fordypningsretningene på nano. Disse kan være nyttige å kikke på før man begynner å skrive sin egen oppgave, og også underveis i prosessen.

==Vår 2016==
===Bio===
* '''Development and Characterisation of a Nanotechnology-Enhanced Electrochemical Biosensor''' av Ane Tefre Eide. Hovedveileder Pawel Tadeusz Sikorski og medveileder Peter A. Köllensperger, begge ved IFY. Fortsettelse på prosjektoppgave. Arbeid med biofunksjonalisering av sensoroverflater og påfølgende karakterisering, syklisk voltammetri for elektrokjemisk karakterisering av sensoren og utforsking av mulighet for å bruke pH- og temperatursensitive nanopartikler som signalforsterkere.

===Elektro===

* '''Strongly Coupled Spin and Heat Currents in Superconducting Proximity-Coupled Structures''' av Marianne Bathen. Hovedveileder: Jacob Linder ved IFY.

===Materialer===

==Høst 2015==
===Bio===
* '''Optimisation of Stress in Thin Films for Use in an Electrochemical Biosensor''' av Ane Tefre Eide. Hovedveileder Pawel Tadeusz Sikorski og medveileder Peter A. Köllensperger, begge ved IFY. Mye eksperimentelt arbeid i NanoLab med stressoptimering i tynnfilmer av silisiumnitrid og platina, karakterisering med profilometer, SEM og reflektometer. Det overordna prosjektet med utvikling av en ny type biosensor er veldig spennende og har mange muligheter for ulike typer arbeid. Imøtekommende veiledere som er åpne for ideer og forslag.
===Elektro===
* '''Modifying the Electronic Density of States: Toward Giant Thermoelectric Effects''' av Marianne Bathen. Hovedveileder: Jacob Linder ved IFY.

===Materialer===

==Vår 2014==
===Elektro===
* ''' Modulating the fixed charge density in silicon nitride films while monitoring the surface recombination velocity by photoluminescence imaging ''' av Molly Bazilchuk. Hovedveileder Jostein Grepstad ved NTNU og Jarle Gran ved Justervesenet. Gjennomført med stor hjelp fra Erik Marstein og Halvard Haug ved IFE Sol.

==Høst 2010==
===Bio===
* [[Media:SigmundBio2010.pdf|Photochemical Internalization of Chitosan/pDNA Nanoparticles]] av Sigmund Østtveit Størset. Sammarbeid mellom Institutt for Fysikk ved NTNU (Catharina de Lange Davies) og Institutt for Strålingsbiologi ved Radiumhospitalet (Kristian Berg).
* [[Media:TCbio2010_v2.pdf|Lessons from Nature]] av Thor Christian Hobæk. Veiledet av Professor Christian Thaulow ved Institutt for produktutvikling og materialer (IPM).

===Elektro===
* [[Media:Gpu_scattering_v1.pdf|X-Ray Scattering Simulations Using GPU-Enabled Algorithms]] av Andreas Lønning Reiten. Veiledet av Dag W. Breiby og Jostein Bø Fløystad ved Institutt for fysikk.

===Materialer===
* [[Media:CNC-project.pdf|Carbon Nanocones as Anode Material in Lithium Ion Batteries]] av [[Bruker:Mariusuv|mariusuv]]. IMT prosjekt av ypperste klasse, godt veiledet av Fride Vullum-Bruer og med Morten Onsrud som støttespiller i de hardeste stunder på laben.

Prosjektoppgave

2016-02-01T14:20:42Z

Mollystr:

I 9. semester (dvs. høst i 5. klasse etter vanlig studieprogresjon) skal alle studenter gjennomføre en prosjektoppgave verdt 15 studiepoeng. Venligvis er oppgavene praktiske (i motsetning til teoretiske oppgaver eller literaturstudier). På slutten av semesteret skriver man en rapport som legges til grunnlag for sensur av hele oppgaven.

Prosjektet kan enten gjøres ved et institutt på NTNU eller eksternt ved andre institusjoner (dette gjelder også [[Master|masteren]] i 10. semester). Eksempler på institutter som nanostudenter har skrevet prosjekt hos er IFY, IMT og IVT. Av eksterne institusjoner kan IFE og Radiumhospitalet nevnes.

Emner fra prosjektoppgaven videreføres ofte i [[Master|masteroppgaven]].

=Rapporter=
Under følger rapporter skrevet av studenter på innen de forskjellige fordypningsretningene på nano. Disse kan være nyttige å kikke på før man begynner å skrive sin egen oppgave, og også underveis i prosessen.

==Vår 2016==
===Bio===
* '''Development and Characterisation of a Nanotechnology-Enhanced Electrochemical Biosensor''' av Ane Tefre Eide. Hovedveileder Pawel Tadeusz Sikorski og medveileder Peter A. Köllensperger, begge ved IFY. Fortsettelse på prosjektoppgave. Arbeid med biofunksjonalisering av sensoroverflater og påfølgende karakterisering, syklisk voltammetri for elektrokjemisk karakterisering av sensoren og utforsking av mulighet for å bruke pH- og temperatursensitive nanopartikler som signalforsterkere.

===Elektro===

* '''Strongly Coupled Spin and Heat Currents in Superconducting Proximity-Coupled Structures''' av Marianne Bathen. Hovedveileder: Jacob Linder ved IFY.

===Materialer===

==Høst 2015==
===Bio===
* '''Optimisation of Stress in Thin Films for Use in an Electrochemical Biosensor''' av Ane Tefre Eide. Hovedveileder Pawel Tadeusz Sikorski og medveileder Peter A. Köllensperger, begge ved IFY. Mye eksperimentelt arbeid i NanoLab med stressoptimering i tynnfilmer av silisiumnitrid og platina, karakterisering med profilometer, SEM og reflektometer. Det overordna prosjektet med utvikling av en ny type biosensor er veldig spennende og har mange muligheter for ulike typer arbeid. Imøtekommende veiledere som er åpne for ideer og forslag.
===Elektro===
* '''Modifying the Electronic Density of States: Toward Giant Thermoelectric Effects''' av Marianne Bathen. Hovedveileder: Jacob Linder ved IFY.

===Materialer===

==Vår 2014==
===Electro===
* ''' Modulating the fixed charge density in silicon nitride films while monitoring the surface recombination velocity by photoluminescence imaging ''' av Molly Bazilchuk. Hovedveileder Jostein Grepstad ved NTNU og Jarle Gran ved Justervesenet. Gjennomført med stor hjelp fra Erik Marstein og Halvard Haug ved IFE Sol.

==Høst 2010==
===Bio===
* [[Media:SigmundBio2010.pdf|Photochemical Internalization of Chitosan/pDNA Nanoparticles]] av Sigmund Østtveit Størset. Sammarbeid mellom Institutt for Fysikk ved NTNU (Catharina de Lange Davies) og Institutt for Strålingsbiologi ved Radiumhospitalet (Kristian Berg).
* [[Media:TCbio2010_v2.pdf|Lessons from Nature]] av Thor Christian Hobæk. Veiledet av Professor Christian Thaulow ved Institutt for produktutvikling og materialer (IPM).

===Elektro===
* [[Media:Gpu_scattering_v1.pdf|X-Ray Scattering Simulations Using GPU-Enabled Algorithms]] av Andreas Lønning Reiten. Veiledet av Dag W. Breiby og Jostein Bø Fløystad ved Institutt for fysikk.

===Materialer===
* [[Media:CNC-project.pdf|Carbon Nanocones as Anode Material in Lithium Ion Batteries]] av [[Bruker:Mariusuv|mariusuv]]. IMT prosjekt av ypperste klasse, godt veiledet av Fride Vullum-Bruer og med Morten Onsrud som støttespiller i de hardeste stunder på laben.

TKJ4102 - Organisk kjemi, grunnkurs

2010-11-01T17:47:47Z

Mollystr:

{{Infobox|Fakta høst 2010
|*Foreleser: Per Carlsen
*Stud-ass: ?
*Vurderingsform: Skriftlig eksamen
*Eksamensdato: 3. desember
}}

{{Infobox
|Øvingsopplegg høst 2010
|* 12 ikke-obligatoriske øvinger
}}
Organisk kjemi TKJ4102 erstatter Organisk kjemi og biokjemi fom høsten 2010. Det faget går ut på å pugge organisk forbindelse og mekanismer, og å tyde dansk.

== Eksterne linker ==

*[http://www.ntnu.no/studier/emner/TKJ4102/2010 NTNUs fagbeskrivelse]
*[http://www.chemtalk.com Fagets hjemmeside]

TKJ4102 - Organisk kjemi, grunnkurs

2010-11-01T17:45:28Z

Mollystr:

TKJ4102 - Organisk kjemi, grunnkurs

2010-11-01T17:43:08Z

Mollystr:

Organisk kjemi TKJ4102 erstatter Organisk kjemi og biokjemi fom høsten 2010. Det faget går ut på å pugge organisk forbindelse og mekanismer, og å tyde dansk.

TKJ4102 - Organisk kjemi, grunnkurs

2010-11-01T17:42:00Z

Mollystr: Ny side: Organisk kjemi TKJ4102 erstatter Organisk kjemi og biokjemi fom høsten 2010

Organisk kjemi TKJ4102 erstatter Organisk kjemi og biokjemi fom høsten 2010

TKP4190 - Fabrikasjon og anvendelse av nanomaterialer

2010-05-18T19:29:36Z

Mollystr:

=Pensum Del I (Jens-Petter Andreassen)=
==Crystallization fundamentals==
===Supersaturation===
Concentration driving force: <math>\Delta c = c - c^*</math> where c is the solution concentration and c* is the equilibrium saturation at a given temperature.
Supersaturation ratio S is given as <math>S = \frac{c}{c^*}</math> and the relative supersaturation ratio <math>\sigma = \frac{\Delta c}{c^*} = S-1</math>
* Size dependant crystal growth
==Homogeneous nucleation==
The free energy associated with nucleation consists of two parts working against each other; the energetically favorable formation of solids and the unfavorable formation of new surfaces.
<math>\Delta G = \Delta G_S + \Delta G_V = 4\pi r^2 \gamma + \frac{4}{3}\pi r^3 \Delta G_v</math>
Here <math>\Delta G_S</math> is the surface excess free energy, <math>\gamma</math> is the interfacial tension between the phases, <math>\Delta G_V</math> is the volume excess free energy and <math>\Delta G_v</math> is the same per unit volume.
At the point where the <math>\Delta G</math>-curve is at its max, we find the critical nucleus size: above this radius the nucleus is stable. Finding this size is straightforward: <math>\frac{\delta \Delta G}{\delta r} = 0 \Rightarrow r_{crit} = \frac{-2\gamma}{\Delta G_v} \Rightarrow \Delta G_{crit} = \frac{16 \pi \gamma^3}{3(\Delta G_v)^2} = \frac{4}{3}\pi r^2_{crit} \gamma</math>
 
Inserting <math>-\Delta G_v = \frac{k_B T \ln{S}}{\nu}</math> the critical energy for nucleation is <math>\Delta G_{crit} = \frac{16 \pi \gamma^3 \nu^2}{3(k_B T \ln{S})^2}</math>
 
This energy originates from random fluctuations. Rate of nucleation can thus be expressed as an Arrhenius equation: 
<math>J = A \exp(\frac{-\Delta G}{k_B T}) = A \exp(\frac{16 \pi \gamma^3 \nu^2}{3(k_B T \ln{S})^2})</math>
==Heterogeneous nucleation==
Critical energy changed due to availability of a solid surface. <math>\Delta G_{crit,hetr} = \phi\Delta G_{crit,hom}, \phi = \frac{1}{4}(2+\cos{\theta})(1-\cos{\theta})</math>
==Growth rate limits==
===Diffusion controlled growth===
Growth as change of particle radius per time is given as <math>\frac{dr}{dt} = D(C-C_S)\frac{V_m}{r}</math> where r is the radius, D is the diffusion coefficient of the growth species, C is the bulk concentration, <math>C_S</math> is the solubility concentration and <math>V_m</math> is the molecular volume. Solving gives <math>r^2 = 2D(C-C_S)V_mt + r_0^2</math>
* Diffusion controlled growth promotes unisized particles
* Can be obtained by increasing viscosity or introducing a diffusion barrier
 Radius difference between particles decreases with time: <math>\delta r = \frac{r_0\delta r_0}{\sqrt{k_Dt + r_0^2}}</math>
===Surface integration controlled growth===
Growth given by <math> G = k_g(S-1)^g</math>
* Spiral growth (most common): g = 2 at very low supersaturation and g = 1 at large supersaturation
* 2D Nucleation: g > 2
* Rough growth: g=1
'''Mononuclear growth (layer by layer):''' <math>\frac{dr}{dt} = k_mr^2 \Rightarrow \frac{1}{r}=\frac{1}{r_0} - k_mt</math> and radius difference increases with time <math>\delta r = \frac{\delta r_0}{(1-k_mr_0t)^2}</math> 
'''Polynuclear growth (multiple layers growing at once):''' <math>\frac{dr}{dt} = k_p \Rightarrow r=k_pt+r_0</math> and radius difference remains unchanged <math>\delta r = \delta r_0</math>

==Synthesis of metallic nanoparticles==
* Metal complexes in dilute solutions are reduced
* Stronger reducing agent --> smaller particles
* Polymers used as stabilizers and diffusion barriers
===Mechanisms for formation of spherical crystalline particles===
* Aggregation
* Crystal Growth
===Influences on the synthesis===
* From reducing agents
** Weak reduction agent: slow reaction rate, large particles. Slow reaction could lead to continuous formation of nuclei --> wide size distribution.
** Strong reduction agent: smaller particles.
** Affects morphology
* From other factors (Very specific examples in the text)
** Chloride ion concentration affects syntehsis of Pt nanoparticles from <math>H_2PtCl_6</math>
** Low concentration of reactant --> decreased reduction rate
* From polymer stabilizers
** Introduced to form a monolayer on nanoparticle surface to prevent agglomeration (stabilizer)
** Adsorption of polymer occupies growth sites --> growth reduced
** Diffusion barrier
** May also react with solute, catalyst or solvent
==1-D nanostructures==
===Techniques for growing===
* Spontaneous growth (Bottom-up): Driven by reduction of chemical potential (like nanoparticles) only now needs to be anisotropic
** Evaporation-condensation: Reduction in chemical potential by consumption of supersaturation
** Vapor-liquid-solid / Solution-liquid-solid (VLS/SLS)
** Stress-induced recrystallization
* Template-based synthesis (Bottom-up)
** Electroplating and electrophoretic deposition
** Colloid dispersion, melt or solution filling
** Conversion with chemical reaction
* Electrospinning (Bottom-up)
* Lithography (Top-down)

==2-D nanostructures==
===Techniques for growing===
* Vapor-phase deposition
** Performed under vacuum
* Liquid based growth

===Initial nucleation===
* Island growth / Volmer-Weber growth
* Layer growth / Frank-van der Merwe growth
* Island layer / Stranski-Krastonov growth

=Pensum Del II (Sondre Volden)=
==Optical properties of metallic nanoparticles==
===LSPR===
* Localized surface plasmon resonance
* Depends on size, morphology, metal, surroundings
===Quasi-static approximation===
* Energy levels treated as a quasi-continuum of states
* Assuming
** <math>D \le \frac{\lambda}{10}</math>
** D larger than 2 nm (more than 100 atoms)
** Volume fraction small enough to treat particles as independent
*Intensity through a medium of thickness L:
** <math>I_t=I_0\exp(-\alpha L)</math>
** For normal medium, <math>\alpha(\omega)=2\frac{\omega}{c}\Kappa(\omega)</math>
** For a matrix + nanosphere system, <math>\alpha(\omega)=\frac{9p\omega\Epsilon^{\frac{3}{2}}_m}{c}\frac{\Epsilon_2}{(\Epsilon_1+2\Epsilon_m)^2 + \Epsilon_2^2} = \frac{\omega}{\Epsilon^{\frac{1}{2}_mc}p|f(\omega)|^2 \Epsilon_2(\omega)</math>

* Større/mindre partikler, rødskift/blåskift sammenheng
* Intraband, mekanismer

==Functionalization of metallic nanoparticles==
==New drug delivery vectors==
===Dendrimers===
===Gold nanoparticles===

=Pensum Del III (Tor Grande)=
==Definition of micro- meso- and macroporous materials==
==Types of porous materials==
==Synthesis strategies==
==Application areas==
=Pensum Del IV (May-Britt Hägg)=
==Basics of membrane materials and separation==
==Selected nanostructured membranes==
=Pensum Del V (Magnus Rønning)=
==Catalysis==

TKP4190 - Fabrikasjon og anvendelse av nanomaterialer

2010-05-18T19:26:23Z

Mollystr: /* Quasi-static approximation */

=Pensum Del I (Jens-Petter Andreassen)=
==Crystallization fundamentals==
===Supersaturation===
Concentration driving force: <math>\Delta c = c - c^*</math> where c is the solution concentration and c* is the equilibrium saturation at a given temperature.
Supersaturation ratio S is given as <math>S = \frac{c}{c^*}</math> and the relative supersaturation ratio <math>\sigma = \frac{\Delta c}{c^*} = S-1</math>
* Size dependant crystal growth

==Homogeneous nucleation==
The free energy associated with nucleation consists of two parts working against each other; the energetically favorable formation of solids and the unfavorable formation of new surfaces.
<math>\Delta G = \Delta G_S + \Delta G_V = 4\pi r^2 \gamma + \frac{4}{3}\pi r^3 \Delta G_v</math>
Here <math>\Delta G_S</math> is the surface excess free energy, <math>\gamma</math> is the interfacial tension between the phases, <math>\Delta G_V</math> is the volume excess free energy and <math>\Delta G_v</math> is the same per unit volume.
At the point where the <math>\Delta G</math>-curve is at its max, we find the critical nucleus size: above this radius the nucleus is stable. Finding this size is straightforward: <math>\frac{\delta \Delta G}{\delta r} = 0 \Rightarrow r_{crit} = \frac{-2\gamma}{\Delta G_v} \Rightarrow \Delta G_{crit} = \frac{16 \pi \gamma^3}{3(\Delta G_v)^2} = \frac{4}{3}\pi r^2_{crit} \gamma</math>
 
Inserting <math>-\Delta G_v = \frac{k_B T \ln{S}}{\nu}</math> the critical energy for nucleation is <math>\Delta G_{crit} = \frac{16 \pi \gamma^3 \nu^2}{3(k_B T \ln{S})^2}</math>
 
This energy originates from random fluctuations. Rate of nucleation can thus be expressed as an Arrhenius equation: 
<math>J = A \exp(\frac{-\Delta G}{k_B T}) = A \exp(\frac{16 \pi \gamma^3 \nu^2}{3(k_B T \ln{S})^2})</math>
==Heterogeneous nucleation==
Critical energy changed due to availability of a solid surface. <math>\Delta G_{crit,hetr} = \phi\Delta G_{crit,hom}, \phi = \frac{1}{4}(2+\cos{\theta})(1-\cos{\theta})</math>
==Growth rate limits==
===Diffusion controlled growth===
Growth as change of particle radius per time is given as <math>\frac{dr}{dt} = D(C-C_S)\frac{V_m}{r}</math> where r is the radius, D is the diffusion coefficient of the growth species, C is the bulk concentration, <math>C_S</math> is the solubility concentration and <math>V_m</math> is the molecular volume. Solving gives <math>r^2 = 2D(C-C_S)V_mt + r_0^2</math>
* Diffusion controlled growth promotes unisized particles
* Can be obtained by increasing viscosity or introducing a diffusion barrier
 Radius difference between particles decreases with time: <math>\delta r = \frac{r_0\delta r_0}{\sqrt{k_Dt + r_0^2}}</math>
===Surface integration controlled growth===
Growth given by <math> G = k_g(S-1)^g</math>
* Spiral growth (most common): g = 2 at very low supersaturation and g = 1 at large supersaturation
* 2D Nucleation: g > 2
* Rough growth: g=1
'''Mononuclear growth (layer by layer):''' <math>\frac{dr}{dt} = k_mr^2 \Rightarrow \frac{1}{r}=\frac{1}{r_0} - k_mt</math> and radius difference increases with time <math>\delta r = \frac{\delta r_0}{(1-k_mr_0t)^2}</math> 
'''Polynuclear growth (multiple layers growing at once):''' <math>\frac{dr}{dt} = k_p \Rightarrow r=k_pt+r_0</math> and radius difference remains unchanged <math>\delta r = \delta r_0</math>

==Synthesis of metallic nanoparticles==
* Metal complexes in dilute solutions are reduced
* Stronger reducing agent --> smaller particles
* Polymers used as stabilizers and diffusion barriers
===Mechanisms for formation of spherical crystalline particles===
* Aggregation
* Crystal Growth
===Influences on the synthesis===
* From reducing agents
** Weak reduction agent: slow reaction rate, large particles. Slow reaction could lead to continuous formation of nuclei --> wide size distribution.
** Strong reduction agent: smaller particles.
** Affects morphology
* From other factors (Very specific examples in the text)
** Chloride ion concentration affects syntehsis of Pt nanoparticles from <math>H_2PtCl_6</math>
** Low concentration of reactant --> decreased reduction rate
* From polymer stabilizers
** Introduced to form a monolayer on nanoparticle surface to prevent agglomeration (stabilizer)
** Adsorption of polymer occupies growth sites --> growth reduced
** Diffusion barrier
** May also react with solute, catalyst or solvent
==1-D nanostructures==
===Techniques for growing===
* Spontaneous growth (Bottom-up): Driven by reduction of chemical potential (like nanoparticles) only now needs to be anisotropic
** Evaporation-condensation: Reduction in chemical potential by consumption of supersaturation
** Vapor-liquid-solid / Solution-liquid-solid (VLS/SLS)
** Stress-induced recrystallization
* Template-based synthesis (Bottom-up)
** Electroplating and electrophoretic deposition
** Colloid dispersion, melt or solution filling
** Conversion with chemical reaction
* Electrospinning (Bottom-up)
* Lithography (Top-down)

==2-D nanostructures==
===Techniques for growing===
* Vapor-phase deposition
** Performed under vacuum
* Liquid based growth

===Initial nucleation===
* Island growth / Volmer-Weber growth
* Layer growth / Frank-van der Merwe growth
* Island layer / Stranski-Krastonov growth

=Pensum Del II (Sondre Volden)=
==Optical properties of metallic nanoparticles==
===LSPR===
* Localized surface plasmon resonance
* Depends on size, morphology, metal, surroundings
===Quasi-static approximation===
* Energy levels treated as a quasi-continuum of states
* Assuming
** <math>D \le \frac{\lambda}{10}</math>
** D larger than 2 nm (more than 100 atoms)
** Volume fraction small enough to treat particles as independent
*Intensity through a medium of thickness L:
** <math>I_t=I_0\exp(-\alpha L)</math>
** For normal medium, <math>\alpha(\omega)=2\frac{\omega}{c}\Kappa(\omega)</math>
** For a matrix + nanosphere system, <math>\alpha(\omega)=\frac{9p\omega\Epsilon^{\frac{3}{2}}_m}{c}\frac{\Epsilon_2}{(\Epsilon_1+2\Epsilon_m)^2 + \Epsilon_2^2} = \frac{\omega}{\Epsilon^{\frac{1}{2}_mc}p|f(\omega)|^2 \Epsilon_2(\omega) \frac{dr}{dt} = k_mr^2 \Rightarrow \frac{1}{r}=\frac{1}{r_0} - k_mt</math> and radius difference increases with time <math>\delta r = \frac{\delta r_0}{(1-k_mr_0t)^2}</math>

* Større/mindre partikler, rødskift/blåskift sammenheng
* Intraband, mekanismer

==Functionalization of metallic nanoparticles==
==New drug delivery vectors==
===Dendrimers===
===Gold nanoparticles===

=Pensum Del III (Tor Grande)=
==Definition of micro- meso- and macroporous materials==
==Types of porous materials==
==Synthesis strategies==
==Application areas==
=Pensum Del IV (May-Britt Hägg)=
==Basics of membrane materials and separation==
==Selected nanostructured membranes==
=Pensum Del V (Magnus Rønning)=
==Catalysis==

TKP4190 - Fabrikasjon og anvendelse av nanomaterialer

2010-05-18T19:17:13Z

Mollystr: /* Techniques for growing */

=Pensum Del I (Jens-Petter Andreassen)=
==Crystallization fundamentals==
===Supersaturation===
Concentration driving force: <math>\Delta c = c - c^*</math> where c is the solution concentration and c* is the equilibrium saturation at a given temperature.
Supersaturation ratio S is given as <math>S = \frac{c}{c^*}</math> and the relative supersaturation ratio <math>\sigma = \frac{\Delta c}{c^*} = S-1</math>
* Size dependant crystal growth

==Homogeneous nucleation==
The free energy associated with nucleation consists of two parts working against each other; the energetically favorable formation of solids and the unfavorable formation of new surfaces.
<math>\Delta G = \Delta G_S + \Delta G_V = 4\pi r^2 \gamma + \frac{4}{3}\pi r^3 \Delta G_v</math>
Here <math>\Delta G_S</math> is the surface excess free energy, <math>\gamma</math> is the interfacial tension between the phases, <math>\Delta G_V</math> is the volume excess free energy and <math>\Delta G_v</math> is the same per unit volume.
At the point where the <math>\Delta G</math>-curve is at its max, we find the critical nucleus size: above this radius the nucleus is stable. Finding this size is straightforward: <math>\frac{\delta \Delta G}{\delta r} = 0 \Rightarrow r_{crit} = \frac{-2\gamma}{\Delta G_v} \Rightarrow \Delta G_{crit} = \frac{16 \pi \gamma^3}{3(\Delta G_v)^2} = \frac{4}{3}\pi r^2_{crit} \gamma</math>
 
Inserting <math>-\Delta G_v = \frac{k_B T \ln{S}}{\nu}</math> the critical energy for nucleation is <math>\Delta G_{crit} = \frac{16 \pi \gamma^3 \nu^2}{3(k_B T \ln{S})^2}</math>
 
This energy originates from random fluctuations. Rate of nucleation can thus be expressed as an Arrhenius equation: 
<math>J = A \exp(\frac{-\Delta G}{k_B T}) = A \exp(\frac{16 \pi \gamma^3 \nu^2}{3(k_B T \ln{S})^2})</math>
==Heterogeneous nucleation==
Critical energy changed due to availability of a solid surface. <math>\Delta G_{crit,hetr} = \phi\Delta G_{crit,hom}, \phi = \frac{1}{4}(2+\cos{\theta})(1-\cos{\theta})</math>
==Growth rate limits==
===Diffusion controlled growth===
Growth as change of particle radius per time is given as <math>\frac{dr}{dt} = D(C-C_S)\frac{V_m}{r}</math> where r is the radius, D is the diffusion coefficient of the growth species, C is the bulk concentration, <math>C_S</math> is the solubility concentration and <math>V_m</math> is the molecular volume. Solving gives <math>r^2 = 2D(C-C_S)V_mt + r_0^2</math>
* Diffusion controlled growth promotes unisized particles
* Can be obtained by increasing viscosity or introducing a diffusion barrier
 Radius difference between particles decreases with time: <math>\delta r = \frac{r_0\delta r_0}{\sqrt{k_Dt + r_0^2}}</math>
===Surface integration controlled growth===
Growth given by <math> G = k_g(S-1)^g</math>
* Spiral growth (most common): g = 2 at very low supersaturation and g = 1 at large supersaturation
* 2D Nucleation: g > 2
* Rough growth: g=1
'''Mononuclear growth (layer by layer):''' <math>\frac{dr}{dt} = k_mr^2 \Rightarrow \frac{1}{r}=\frac{1}{r_0} - k_mt</math> and radius difference increases with time <math>\delta r = \frac{\delta r_0}{(1-k_mr_0t)^2}</math> 
'''Polynuclear growth (multiple layers growing at once):''' <math>\frac{dr}{dt} = k_p \Rightarrow r=k_pt+r_0</math> and radius difference remains unchanged <math>\delta r = \delta r_0</math>

==Synthesis of metallic nanoparticles==
* Metal complexes in dilute solutions are reduced
* Stronger reducing agent --> smaller particles
* Polymers used as stabilizers and diffusion barriers
===Mechanisms for formation of spherical crystalline particles===
* Aggregation
* Crystal Growth
===Influences on the synthesis===
* From reducing agents
** Weak reduction agent: slow reaction rate, large particles. Slow reaction could lead to continuous formation of nuclei --> wide size distribution.
** Strong reduction agent: smaller particles.
** Affects morphology
* From other factors (Very specific examples in the text)
** Chloride ion concentration affects syntehsis of Pt nanoparticles from <math>H_2PtCl_6</math>
** Low concentration of reactant --> decreased reduction rate
* From polymer stabilizers
** Introduced to form a monolayer on nanoparticle surface to prevent agglomeration (stabilizer)
** Adsorption of polymer occupies growth sites --> growth reduced
** Diffusion barrier
** May also react with solute, catalyst or solvent
==1-D nanostructures==
===Techniques for growing===
* Spontaneous growth (Bottom-up): Driven by reduction of chemical potential (like nanoparticles) only now needs to be anisotropic
** Evaporation-condensation: Reduction in chemical potential by consumption of supersaturation
** Vapor-liquid-solid / Solution-liquid-solid (VLS/SLS)
** Stress-induced recrystallization
* Template-based synthesis (Bottom-up)
** Electroplating and electrophoretic deposition
** Colloid dispersion, melt or solution filling
** Conversion with chemical reaction
* Electrospinning (Bottom-up)
* Lithography (Top-down)

==2-D nanostructures==
===Techniques for growing===
* Vapor-phase deposition
** Performed under vacuum
* Liquid based growth

===Initial nucleation===
* Island growth / Volmer-Weber growth
* Layer growth / Frank-van der Merwe growth
* Island layer / Stranski-Krastonov growth

=Pensum Del II (Sondre Volden)=
==Optical properties of metallic nanoparticles==
===LSPR===
* Localized surface plasmon resonance
* Depends on size, morphology, metal, surroundings
===Quasi-static approximation===
* Energy levels treated as a quasi-continuum of states
* Assuming
** <math>D \le \frac{\lambda}{10}</math>
** D larger than 2 nm (more than 100 atoms)
** Volume fraction small enough to treat particles as independent
*Intensity through a medium of thickness L:
** <math>I_t=I_0\exp(-\alpha L)</math>
** For normal medium, <math>\alpha(\omega)=2\frac{\omega}{c}\Kappa(\omega)</math>
** For a matrix + nanosphere system, <math>\alpha(\omega)=\frac{9p\omega\Epsilon^{\frac{3}{2}}_m}{c}\frac{\Epsilon_2}{(\Epsilon_1+2\Epsilon_m)^2 + \Epsilon_2^2} = \frac{\omega}{\Epsilon^{\frac{1}{2}_mc}p|f(\omega)|^2 \Epsilon_2(\omega)</math>

* Større/mindre partikler, rødskift/blåskift sammenheng
* Intraband, mekanismer

==Functionalization of metallic nanoparticles==
==New drug delivery vectors==
===Dendrimers===
===Gold nanoparticles===

=Pensum Del III (Tor Grande)=
==Definition of micro- meso- and macroporous materials==
==Types of porous materials==
==Synthesis strategies==
==Application areas==
=Pensum Del IV (May-Britt Hägg)=
==Basics of membrane materials and separation==
==Selected nanostructured membranes==
=Pensum Del V (Magnus Rønning)=
==Catalysis==

TKP4190 - Fabrikasjon og anvendelse av nanomaterialer

2010-05-18T19:17:03Z

Mollystr: /* Techniques for growing */

=Pensum Del I (Jens-Petter Andreassen)=
==Crystallization fundamentals==
===Supersaturation===
Concentration driving force: <math>\Delta c = c - c^*</math> where c is the solution concentration and c* is the equilibrium saturation at a given temperature.
Supersaturation ratio S is given as <math>S = \frac{c}{c^*}</math> and the relative supersaturation ratio <math>\sigma = \frac{\Delta c}{c^*} = S-1</math>
* Size dependant crystal growth

==Homogeneous nucleation==
The free energy associated with nucleation consists of two parts working against each other; the energetically favorable formation of solids and the unfavorable formation of new surfaces.
<math>\Delta G = \Delta G_S + \Delta G_V = 4\pi r^2 \gamma + \frac{4}{3}\pi r^3 \Delta G_v</math>
Here <math>\Delta G_S</math> is the surface excess free energy, <math>\gamma</math> is the interfacial tension between the phases, <math>\Delta G_V</math> is the volume excess free energy and <math>\Delta G_v</math> is the same per unit volume.
At the point where the <math>\Delta G</math>-curve is at its max, we find the critical nucleus size: above this radius the nucleus is stable. Finding this size is straightforward: <math>\frac{\delta \Delta G}{\delta r} = 0 \Rightarrow r_{crit} = \frac{-2\gamma}{\Delta G_v} \Rightarrow \Delta G_{crit} = \frac{16 \pi \gamma^3}{3(\Delta G_v)^2} = \frac{4}{3}\pi r^2_{crit} \gamma</math>
 
Inserting <math>-\Delta G_v = \frac{k_B T \ln{S}}{\nu}</math> the critical energy for nucleation is <math>\Delta G_{crit} = \frac{16 \pi \gamma^3 \nu^2}{3(k_B T \ln{S})^2}</math>
 
This energy originates from random fluctuations. Rate of nucleation can thus be expressed as an Arrhenius equation: 
<math>J = A \exp(\frac{-\Delta G}{k_B T}) = A \exp(\frac{16 \pi \gamma^3 \nu^2}{3(k_B T \ln{S})^2})</math>
==Heterogeneous nucleation==
Critical energy changed due to availability of a solid surface. <math>\Delta G_{crit,hetr} = \phi\Delta G_{crit,hom}, \phi = \frac{1}{4}(2+\cos{\theta})(1-\cos{\theta})</math>
==Growth rate limits==
===Diffusion controlled growth===
Growth as change of particle radius per time is given as <math>\frac{dr}{dt} = D(C-C_S)\frac{V_m}{r}</math> where r is the radius, D is the diffusion coefficient of the growth species, C is the bulk concentration, <math>C_S</math> is the solubility concentration and <math>V_m</math> is the molecular volume. Solving gives <math>r^2 = 2D(C-C_S)V_mt + r_0^2</math>
* Diffusion controlled growth promotes unisized particles
* Can be obtained by increasing viscosity or introducing a diffusion barrier
 Radius difference between particles decreases with time: <math>\delta r = \frac{r_0\delta r_0}{\sqrt{k_Dt + r_0^2}}</math>
===Surface integration controlled growth===
Growth given by <math> G = k_g(S-1)^g</math>
* Spiral growth (most common): g = 2 at very low supersaturation and g = 1 at large supersaturation
* 2D Nucleation: g > 2
* Rough growth: g=1
'''Mononuclear growth (layer by layer):''' <math>\frac{dr}{dt} = k_mr^2 \Rightarrow \frac{1}{r}=\frac{1}{r_0} - k_mt</math> and radius difference increases with time <math>\delta r = \frac{\delta r_0}{(1-k_mr_0t)^2}</math> 
'''Polynuclear growth (multiple layers growing at once):''' <math>\frac{dr}{dt} = k_p \Rightarrow r=k_pt+r_0</math> and radius difference remains unchanged <math>\delta r = \delta r_0</math>

==Synthesis of metallic nanoparticles==
* Metal complexes in dilute solutions are reduced
* Stronger reducing agent --> smaller particles
* Polymers used as stabilizers and diffusion barriers
===Mechanisms for formation of spherical crystalline particles===
* Aggregation
* Crystal Growth
===Influences on the synthesis===
* From reducing agents
** Weak reduction agent: slow reaction rate, large particles. Slow reaction could lead to continuous formation of nuclei --> wide size distribution.
** Strong reduction agent: smaller particles.
** Affects morphology
* From other factors (Very specific examples in the text)
** Chloride ion concentration affects syntehsis of Pt nanoparticles from <math>H_2PtCl_6</math>
** Low concentration of reactant --> decreased reduction rate
* From polymer stabilizers
** Introduced to form a monolayer on nanoparticle surface to prevent agglomeration (stabilizer)
** Adsorption of polymer occupies growth sites --> growth reduced
** Diffusion barrier
** May also react with solute, catalyst or solvent
==1-D nanostructures==
===Techniques for growing===
* Spontaneous growth (Bottom-up): Driven by reduction of chemical potential (like nanoparticles) only now needs to be anisotropic
** Evaporation-condensation: Reduction in chemical potential by consumption of supersaturation
** Vapor-liquid-solid / Solution-liquid-solid (VLS/SLS)
** Stress-induced recrystallization
* Template-based synthesis (Bottom-up)
** Electroplating and electrophoretic deposition
** Colloid dispersion, melt or solution filling
** Conversion with chemical reaction
* Electrospinning (Bottom-up)
* Lithography (Top-down)

<math>D \le \frac{\lambda}{10}</math>

==2-D nanostructures==
===Techniques for growing===
* Vapor-phase deposition
** Performed under vacuum
* Liquid based growth

===Initial nucleation===
* Island growth / Volmer-Weber growth
* Layer growth / Frank-van der Merwe growth
* Island layer / Stranski-Krastonov growth

=Pensum Del II (Sondre Volden)=
==Optical properties of metallic nanoparticles==
===LSPR===
* Localized surface plasmon resonance
* Depends on size, morphology, metal, surroundings
===Quasi-static approximation===
* Energy levels treated as a quasi-continuum of states
* Assuming
** <math>D \le \frac{\lambda}{10}</math>
** D larger than 2 nm (more than 100 atoms)
** Volume fraction small enough to treat particles as independent
*Intensity through a medium of thickness L:
** <math>I_t=I_0\exp(-\alpha L)</math>
** For normal medium, <math>\alpha(\omega)=2\frac{\omega}{c}\Kappa(\omega)</math>
** For a matrix + nanosphere system, <math>\alpha(\omega)=\frac{9p\omega\Epsilon^{\frac{3}{2}}_m}{c}\frac{\Epsilon_2}{(\Epsilon_1+2\Epsilon_m)^2 + \Epsilon_2^2} = \frac{\omega}{\Epsilon^{\frac{1}{2}_mc}p|f(\omega)|^2 \Epsilon_2(\omega)</math>

* Større/mindre partikler, rødskift/blåskift sammenheng
* Intraband, mekanismer

==Functionalization of metallic nanoparticles==
==New drug delivery vectors==
===Dendrimers===
===Gold nanoparticles===

=Pensum Del III (Tor Grande)=
==Definition of micro- meso- and macroporous materials==
==Types of porous materials==
==Synthesis strategies==
==Application areas==
=Pensum Del IV (May-Britt Hägg)=
==Basics of membrane materials and separation==
==Selected nanostructured membranes==
=Pensum Del V (Magnus Rønning)=
==Catalysis==

TKP4190 - Fabrikasjon og anvendelse av nanomaterialer

2010-05-18T19:16:28Z

Mollystr: /* Supersaturation */

=Pensum Del I (Jens-Petter Andreassen)=
==Crystallization fundamentals==
===Supersaturation===
Concentration driving force: <math>\Delta c = c - c^*</math> where c is the solution concentration and c* is the equilibrium saturation at a given temperature.
Supersaturation ratio S is given as <math>S = \frac{c}{c^*}</math> and the relative supersaturation ratio <math>\sigma = \frac{\Delta c}{c^*} = S-1</math>
* Size dependant crystal growth

==Homogeneous nucleation==
The free energy associated with nucleation consists of two parts working against each other; the energetically favorable formation of solids and the unfavorable formation of new surfaces.
<math>\Delta G = \Delta G_S + \Delta G_V = 4\pi r^2 \gamma + \frac{4}{3}\pi r^3 \Delta G_v</math>
Here <math>\Delta G_S</math> is the surface excess free energy, <math>\gamma</math> is the interfacial tension between the phases, <math>\Delta G_V</math> is the volume excess free energy and <math>\Delta G_v</math> is the same per unit volume.
At the point where the <math>\Delta G</math>-curve is at its max, we find the critical nucleus size: above this radius the nucleus is stable. Finding this size is straightforward: <math>\frac{\delta \Delta G}{\delta r} = 0 \Rightarrow r_{crit} = \frac{-2\gamma}{\Delta G_v} \Rightarrow \Delta G_{crit} = \frac{16 \pi \gamma^3}{3(\Delta G_v)^2} = \frac{4}{3}\pi r^2_{crit} \gamma</math>
 
Inserting <math>-\Delta G_v = \frac{k_B T \ln{S}}{\nu}</math> the critical energy for nucleation is <math>\Delta G_{crit} = \frac{16 \pi \gamma^3 \nu^2}{3(k_B T \ln{S})^2}</math>
 
This energy originates from random fluctuations. Rate of nucleation can thus be expressed as an Arrhenius equation: 
<math>J = A \exp(\frac{-\Delta G}{k_B T}) = A \exp(\frac{16 \pi \gamma^3 \nu^2}{3(k_B T \ln{S})^2})</math>
==Heterogeneous nucleation==
Critical energy changed due to availability of a solid surface. <math>\Delta G_{crit,hetr} = \phi\Delta G_{crit,hom}, \phi = \frac{1}{4}(2+\cos{\theta})(1-\cos{\theta})</math>
==Growth rate limits==
===Diffusion controlled growth===
Growth as change of particle radius per time is given as <math>\frac{dr}{dt} = D(C-C_S)\frac{V_m}{r}</math> where r is the radius, D is the diffusion coefficient of the growth species, C is the bulk concentration, <math>C_S</math> is the solubility concentration and <math>V_m</math> is the molecular volume. Solving gives <math>r^2 = 2D(C-C_S)V_mt + r_0^2</math>
* Diffusion controlled growth promotes unisized particles
* Can be obtained by increasing viscosity or introducing a diffusion barrier
 Radius difference between particles decreases with time: <math>\delta r = \frac{r_0\delta r_0}{\sqrt{k_Dt + r_0^2}}</math>
===Surface integration controlled growth===
Growth given by <math> G = k_g(S-1)^g</math>
* Spiral growth (most common): g = 2 at very low supersaturation and g = 1 at large supersaturation
* 2D Nucleation: g > 2
* Rough growth: g=1
'''Mononuclear growth (layer by layer):''' <math>\frac{dr}{dt} = k_mr^2 \Rightarrow \frac{1}{r}=\frac{1}{r_0} - k_mt</math> and radius difference increases with time <math>\delta r = \frac{\delta r_0}{(1-k_mr_0t)^2}</math> 
'''Polynuclear growth (multiple layers growing at once):''' <math>\frac{dr}{dt} = k_p \Rightarrow r=k_pt+r_0</math> and radius difference remains unchanged <math>\delta r = \delta r_0</math>

==Synthesis of metallic nanoparticles==
* Metal complexes in dilute solutions are reduced
* Stronger reducing agent --> smaller particles
* Polymers used as stabilizers and diffusion barriers
===Mechanisms for formation of spherical crystalline particles===
* Aggregation
* Crystal Growth
===Influences on the synthesis===
* From reducing agents
** Weak reduction agent: slow reaction rate, large particles. Slow reaction could lead to continuous formation of nuclei --> wide size distribution.
** Strong reduction agent: smaller particles.
** Affects morphology
* From other factors (Very specific examples in the text)
** Chloride ion concentration affects syntehsis of Pt nanoparticles from <math>H_2PtCl_6</math>
** Low concentration of reactant --> decreased reduction rate
* From polymer stabilizers
** Introduced to form a monolayer on nanoparticle surface to prevent agglomeration (stabilizer)
** Adsorption of polymer occupies growth sites --> growth reduced
** Diffusion barrier
** May also react with solute, catalyst or solvent
==1-D nanostructures==
===Techniques for growing===
* Spontaneous growth (Bottom-up): Driven by reduction of chemical potential (like nanoparticles) only now needs to be anisotropic
** Evaporation-condensation: Reduction in chemical potential by consumption of supersaturation
** Vapor-liquid-solid / Solution-liquid-solid (VLS/SLS)
** Stress-induced recrystallization
* Template-based synthesis (Bottom-up)
** Electroplating and electrophoretic deposition
** Colloid dispersion, melt or solution filling
** Conversion with chemical reaction
* Electrospinning (Bottom-up)
* Lithography (Top-down)

==2-D nanostructures==
===Techniques for growing===
* Vapor-phase deposition
** Performed under vacuum
* Liquid based growth

===Initial nucleation===
* Island growth / Volmer-Weber growth
* Layer growth / Frank-van der Merwe growth
* Island layer / Stranski-Krastonov growth

=Pensum Del II (Sondre Volden)=
==Optical properties of metallic nanoparticles==
===LSPR===
* Localized surface plasmon resonance
* Depends on size, morphology, metal, surroundings
===Quasi-static approximation===
* Energy levels treated as a quasi-continuum of states
* Assuming
** <math>D \le \frac{\lambda}{10}</math>
** D larger than 2 nm (more than 100 atoms)
** Volume fraction small enough to treat particles as independent
*Intensity through a medium of thickness L:
** <math>I_t=I_0\exp(-\alpha L)</math>
** For normal medium, <math>\alpha(\omega)=2\frac{\omega}{c}\Kappa(\omega)</math>
** For a matrix + nanosphere system, <math>\alpha(\omega)=\frac{9p\omega\Epsilon^{\frac{3}{2}}_m}{c}\frac{\Epsilon_2}{(\Epsilon_1+2\Epsilon_m)^2 + \Epsilon_2^2} = \frac{\omega}{\Epsilon^{\frac{1}{2}_mc}p|f(\omega)|^2 \Epsilon_2(\omega)</math>

* Større/mindre partikler, rødskift/blåskift sammenheng
* Intraband, mekanismer

==Functionalization of metallic nanoparticles==
==New drug delivery vectors==
===Dendrimers===
===Gold nanoparticles===

=Pensum Del III (Tor Grande)=
==Definition of micro- meso- and macroporous materials==
==Types of porous materials==
==Synthesis strategies==
==Application areas==
=Pensum Del IV (May-Britt Hägg)=
==Basics of membrane materials and separation==
==Selected nanostructured membranes==
=Pensum Del V (Magnus Rønning)=
==Catalysis==

TKP4190 - Fabrikasjon og anvendelse av nanomaterialer

2010-05-18T19:16:04Z

Mollystr: /* Supersaturation */

=Pensum Del I (Jens-Petter Andreassen)=
==Crystallization fundamentals==
===Supersaturation===
Concentration driving force: <math>\Delta c = c - c^*</math> where c is the solution concentration and c* is the equilibrium saturation at a given temperature.
Supersaturation ratio S is given as <math>S = \frac{c}{c^*}</math> and the relative supersaturation ratio <math>\sigma = \frac{\Delta c}{c^*} = S-1</math>
* Size dependant crystal growth

For a matrix + nanosphere system, <math>\alpha(\omega)=\frac{9p\omega\Epsilon^{\frac{3}{2}}_m}{c}\frac{\Epsilon_2}{(\Epsilon_1+2\Epsilon_m)^2 + \Epsilon_2^2} = \frac{\omega}{\Epsilon^{\frac{1}{2}_mc}p|f(\omega)|^2 \Epsilon_2(\omega)</math>

==Homogeneous nucleation==
The free energy associated with nucleation consists of two parts working against each other; the energetically favorable formation of solids and the unfavorable formation of new surfaces.
<math>\Delta G = \Delta G_S + \Delta G_V = 4\pi r^2 \gamma + \frac{4}{3}\pi r^3 \Delta G_v</math>
Here <math>\Delta G_S</math> is the surface excess free energy, <math>\gamma</math> is the interfacial tension between the phases, <math>\Delta G_V</math> is the volume excess free energy and <math>\Delta G_v</math> is the same per unit volume.
At the point where the <math>\Delta G</math>-curve is at its max, we find the critical nucleus size: above this radius the nucleus is stable. Finding this size is straightforward: <math>\frac{\delta \Delta G}{\delta r} = 0 \Rightarrow r_{crit} = \frac{-2\gamma}{\Delta G_v} \Rightarrow \Delta G_{crit} = \frac{16 \pi \gamma^3}{3(\Delta G_v)^2} = \frac{4}{3}\pi r^2_{crit} \gamma</math>
 
Inserting <math>-\Delta G_v = \frac{k_B T \ln{S}}{\nu}</math> the critical energy for nucleation is <math>\Delta G_{crit} = \frac{16 \pi \gamma^3 \nu^2}{3(k_B T \ln{S})^2}</math>
 
This energy originates from random fluctuations. Rate of nucleation can thus be expressed as an Arrhenius equation: 
<math>J = A \exp(\frac{-\Delta G}{k_B T}) = A \exp(\frac{16 \pi \gamma^3 \nu^2}{3(k_B T \ln{S})^2})</math>
==Heterogeneous nucleation==
Critical energy changed due to availability of a solid surface. <math>\Delta G_{crit,hetr} = \phi\Delta G_{crit,hom}, \phi = \frac{1}{4}(2+\cos{\theta})(1-\cos{\theta})</math>
==Growth rate limits==
===Diffusion controlled growth===
Growth as change of particle radius per time is given as <math>\frac{dr}{dt} = D(C-C_S)\frac{V_m}{r}</math> where r is the radius, D is the diffusion coefficient of the growth species, C is the bulk concentration, <math>C_S</math> is the solubility concentration and <math>V_m</math> is the molecular volume. Solving gives <math>r^2 = 2D(C-C_S)V_mt + r_0^2</math>
* Diffusion controlled growth promotes unisized particles
* Can be obtained by increasing viscosity or introducing a diffusion barrier
 Radius difference between particles decreases with time: <math>\delta r = \frac{r_0\delta r_0}{\sqrt{k_Dt + r_0^2}}</math>
===Surface integration controlled growth===
Growth given by <math> G = k_g(S-1)^g</math>
* Spiral growth (most common): g = 2 at very low supersaturation and g = 1 at large supersaturation
* 2D Nucleation: g > 2
* Rough growth: g=1
'''Mononuclear growth (layer by layer):''' <math>\frac{dr}{dt} = k_mr^2 \Rightarrow \frac{1}{r}=\frac{1}{r_0} - k_mt</math> and radius difference increases with time <math>\delta r = \frac{\delta r_0}{(1-k_mr_0t)^2}</math> 
'''Polynuclear growth (multiple layers growing at once):''' <math>\frac{dr}{dt} = k_p \Rightarrow r=k_pt+r_0</math> and radius difference remains unchanged <math>\delta r = \delta r_0</math>

==Synthesis of metallic nanoparticles==
* Metal complexes in dilute solutions are reduced
* Stronger reducing agent --> smaller particles
* Polymers used as stabilizers and diffusion barriers
===Mechanisms for formation of spherical crystalline particles===
* Aggregation
* Crystal Growth
===Influences on the synthesis===
* From reducing agents
** Weak reduction agent: slow reaction rate, large particles. Slow reaction could lead to continuous formation of nuclei --> wide size distribution.
** Strong reduction agent: smaller particles.
** Affects morphology
* From other factors (Very specific examples in the text)
** Chloride ion concentration affects syntehsis of Pt nanoparticles from <math>H_2PtCl_6</math>
** Low concentration of reactant --> decreased reduction rate
* From polymer stabilizers
** Introduced to form a monolayer on nanoparticle surface to prevent agglomeration (stabilizer)
** Adsorption of polymer occupies growth sites --> growth reduced
** Diffusion barrier
** May also react with solute, catalyst or solvent
==1-D nanostructures==
===Techniques for growing===
* Spontaneous growth (Bottom-up): Driven by reduction of chemical potential (like nanoparticles) only now needs to be anisotropic
** Evaporation-condensation: Reduction in chemical potential by consumption of supersaturation
** Vapor-liquid-solid / Solution-liquid-solid (VLS/SLS)
** Stress-induced recrystallization
* Template-based synthesis (Bottom-up)
** Electroplating and electrophoretic deposition
** Colloid dispersion, melt or solution filling
** Conversion with chemical reaction
* Electrospinning (Bottom-up)
* Lithography (Top-down)

==2-D nanostructures==
===Techniques for growing===
* Vapor-phase deposition
** Performed under vacuum
* Liquid based growth

===Initial nucleation===
* Island growth / Volmer-Weber growth
* Layer growth / Frank-van der Merwe growth
* Island layer / Stranski-Krastonov growth

=Pensum Del II (Sondre Volden)=
==Optical properties of metallic nanoparticles==
===LSPR===
* Localized surface plasmon resonance
* Depends on size, morphology, metal, surroundings
===Quasi-static approximation===
* Energy levels treated as a quasi-continuum of states
* Assuming
** <math>D \le \frac{\lambda}{10}</math>
** D larger than 2 nm (more than 100 atoms)
** Volume fraction small enough to treat particles as independent
*Intensity through a medium of thickness L:
** <math>I_t=I_0\exp(-\alpha L)</math>
** For normal medium, <math>\alpha(\omega)=2\frac{\omega}{c}\Kappa(\omega)</math>
** For a matrix + nanosphere system, <math>\alpha(\omega)=\frac{9p\omega\Epsilon^{\frac{3}{2}}_m}{c}\frac{\Epsilon_2}{(\Epsilon_1+2\Epsilon_m)^2 + \Epsilon_2^2} = \frac{\omega}{\Epsilon^{\frac{1}{2}_mc}p|f(\omega)|^2 \Epsilon_2(\omega)</math>

* Større/mindre partikler, rødskift/blåskift sammenheng
* Intraband, mekanismer

==Functionalization of metallic nanoparticles==
==New drug delivery vectors==
===Dendrimers===
===Gold nanoparticles===

=Pensum Del III (Tor Grande)=
==Definition of micro- meso- and macroporous materials==
==Types of porous materials==
==Synthesis strategies==
==Application areas==
=Pensum Del IV (May-Britt Hägg)=
==Basics of membrane materials and separation==
==Selected nanostructured membranes==
=Pensum Del V (Magnus Rønning)=
==Catalysis==

TKP4190 - Fabrikasjon og anvendelse av nanomaterialer

2010-05-18T19:02:37Z

Mollystr: /* Quasi-static approximation */

TKP4190 - Fabrikasjon og anvendelse av nanomaterialer

2010-05-18T19:02:05Z

Mollystr: /* Quasi-static approximation */

=Pensum Del I (Jens-Petter Andreassen)=
==Crystallization fundamentals==
===Supersaturation===
Concentration driving force: <math>\Delta c = c - c^*</math> where c is the solution concentration and c* is the equilibrium saturation at a given temperature.
Supersaturation ratio S is given as <math>S = \frac{c}{c^*}</math> and the relative supersaturation ratio <math>\sigma = \frac{\Delta c}{c^*} = S-1</math>
* Size dependant crystal growth
==Homogeneous nucleation==
The free energy associated with nucleation consists of two parts working against each other; the energetically favorable formation of solids and the unfavorable formation of new surfaces.
<math>\Delta G = \Delta G_S + \Delta G_V = 4\pi r^2 \gamma + \frac{4}{3}\pi r^3 \Delta G_v</math>
Here <math>\Delta G_S</math> is the surface excess free energy, <math>\gamma</math> is the interfacial tension between the phases, <math>\Delta G_V</math> is the volume excess free energy and <math>\Delta G_v</math> is the same per unit volume.
At the point where the <math>\Delta G</math>-curve is at its max, we find the critical nucleus size: above this radius the nucleus is stable. Finding this size is straightforward: <math>\frac{\delta \Delta G}{\delta r} = 0 \Rightarrow r_{crit} = \frac{-2\gamma}{\Delta G_v} \Rightarrow \Delta G_{crit} = \frac{16 \pi \gamma^3}{3(\Delta G_v)^2} = \frac{4}{3}\pi r^2_{crit} \gamma</math>
 
Inserting <math>-\Delta G_v = \frac{k_B T \ln{S}}{\nu}</math> the critical energy for nucleation is <math>\Delta G_{crit} = \frac{16 \pi \gamma^3 \nu^2}{3(k_B T \ln{S})^2}</math>
 
This energy originates from random fluctuations. Rate of nucleation can thus be expressed as an Arrhenius equation: 
<math>J = A \exp(\frac{-\Delta G}{k_B T}) = A \exp(\frac{16 \pi \gamma^3 \nu^2}{3(k_B T \ln{S})^2})</math>
==Heterogeneous nucleation==
Critical energy changed due to availability of a solid surface. <math>\Delta G_{crit,hetr} = \phi\Delta G_{crit,hom}, \phi = \frac{1}{4}(2+\cos{\theta})(1-\cos{\theta})</math>
==Growth rate limits==
===Diffusion controlled growth===
Growth as change of particle radius per time is given as <math>\frac{dr}{dt} = D(C-C_S)\frac{V_m}{r}</math> where r is the radius, D is the diffusion coefficient of the growth species, C is the bulk concentration, <math>C_S</math> is the solubility concentration and <math>V_m</math> is the molecular volume. Solving gives <math>r^2 = 2D(C-C_S)V_mt + r_0^2</math>
* Diffusion controlled growth promotes unisized particles
* Can be obtained by increasing viscosity or introducing a diffusion barrier
 Radius difference between particles decreases with time: <math>\delta r = \frac{r_0\delta r_0}{\sqrt{k_Dt + r_0^2}}</math>
===Surface integration controlled growth===
Growth given by <math> G = k_g(S-1)^g</math>
* Spiral growth (most common): g = 2 at very low supersaturation and g = 1 at large supersaturation
* 2D Nucleation: g > 2
* Rough growth: g=1
'''Mononuclear growth (layer by layer):''' <math>\frac{dr}{dt} = k_mr^2 \Rightarrow \frac{1}{r}=\frac{1}{r_0} - k_mt</math> and radius difference increases with time <math>\delta r = \frac{\delta r_0}{(1-k_mr_0t)^2}</math> 
'''Polynuclear growth (multiple layers growing at once):''' <math>\frac{dr}{dt} = k_p \Rightarrow r=k_pt+r_0</math> and radius difference remains unchanged <math>\delta r = \delta r_0</math>

==Synthesis of metallic nanoparticles==
* Metal complexes in dilute solutions are reduced
* Stronger reducing agent --> smaller particles
* Polymers used as stabilizers and diffusion barriers
===Mechanisms for formation of spherical crystalline particles===
* Aggregation
* Crystal Growth
===Influences on the synthesis===
* From reducing agents
** Weak reduction agent: slow reaction rate, large particles. Slow reaction could lead to continuous formation of nuclei --> wide size distribution.
** Strong reduction agent: smaller particles.
** Affects morphology
* From other factors (Very specific examples in the text)
** Chloride ion concentration affects syntehsis of Pt nanoparticles from <math>H_2PtCl_6</math>
** Low concentration of reactant --> decreased reduction rate
* From polymer stabilizers
** Introduced to form a monolayer on nanoparticle surface to prevent agglomeration (stabilizer)
** Adsorption of polymer occupies growth sites --> growth reduced
** Diffusion barrier
** May also react with solute, catalyst or solvent
==1-D nanostructures==
===Techniques for growing===
* Spontaneous growth (Bottom-up): Driven by reduction of chemical potential (like nanoparticles) only now needs to be anisotropic
** Evaporation-condensation: Reduction in chemical potential by consumption of supersaturation
** Vapor-liquid-solid / Solution-liquid-solid (VLS/SLS)
** Stress-induced recrystallization
* Template-based synthesis (Bottom-up)
** Electroplating and electrophoretic deposition
** Colloid dispersion, melt or solution filling
** Conversion with chemical reaction
* Electrospinning (Bottom-up)
* Lithography (Top-down)

==2-D nanostructures==
===Techniques for growing===
* Vapor-phase deposition
** Performed under vacuum
* Liquid based growth

===Initial nucleation===
* Island growth / Volmer-Weber growth
* Layer growth / Frank-van der Merwe growth
* Island layer / Stranski-Krastonov growth

=Pensum Del II (Sondre Volden)=
==Optical properties of metallic nanoparticles==
===LSPR===
* Localized surface plasmon resonance
* Depends on size, morphology, metal, surroundings
===Quasi-static approximation===
* Energy levels treated as a quasi-continuum of states
* Assuming
** <math>D \le \frac{\lambda}{10}</math>
** D larger than 2 nm (more than 100 atoms)
** Volume fraction small enough to treat particles as independent
*Intensity through a medium of thickness L:
** <math>I_t=I_0\exp{-\alpha L}</math>
** For normal medium, <math>\alpha(\omega)=2\frac{\omega}{c}\Kappa(\omega)</math>
** For a matrix + nanosphere system, <math>\alpha(\omega)=\frac{9p\omega\Epsilon^{\frac{3}{2}}_m}{c}\frac{\Epsilon_2}{(\Epsilon_1+2\Epsilon_m)^2 + \Epsilon_2^2} = \frac{\omega}{\Epsilon^{\frac{1}{2}_mc}p|f(\omega)|^2 \Epsilon_2(\omega)</math>

* Større/mindre partikler, rødskift/blåskift sammenheng
* Intraband, mekanismer
Supersaturation ratio S is given as <math>S = \frac{c}{c^*}</math> and the relative supersaturation ratio <math>\sigma = \frac{\Delta c}{c^*} = S-1</math>

==Functionalization of metallic nanoparticles==
==New drug delivery vectors==
===Dendrimers===
===Gold nanoparticles===

=Pensum Del III (Tor Grande)=
==Definition of micro- meso- and macroporous materials==
==Types of porous materials==
==Synthesis strategies==
==Application areas==
=Pensum Del IV (May-Britt Hägg)=
==Basics of membrane materials and separation==
==Selected nanostructured membranes==
=Pensum Del V (Magnus Rønning)=
==Catalysis==

TKP4190 - Fabrikasjon og anvendelse av nanomaterialer

2010-05-18T19:00:15Z

Mollystr: /* Quasi-static approximation */

=Pensum Del I (Jens-Petter Andreassen)=
==Crystallization fundamentals==
===Supersaturation===
Concentration driving force: <math>\Delta c = c - c^*</math> where c is the solution concentration and c* is the equilibrium saturation at a given temperature.
Supersaturation ratio S is given as <math>S = \frac{c}{c^*}</math> and the relative supersaturation ratio <math>\sigma = \frac{\Delta c}{c^*} = S-1</math>
* Size dependant crystal growth
==Homogeneous nucleation==
The free energy associated with nucleation consists of two parts working against each other; the energetically favorable formation of solids and the unfavorable formation of new surfaces.
<math>\Delta G = \Delta G_S + \Delta G_V = 4\pi r^2 \gamma + \frac{4}{3}\pi r^3 \Delta G_v</math>
Here <math>\Delta G_S</math> is the surface excess free energy, <math>\gamma</math> is the interfacial tension between the phases, <math>\Delta G_V</math> is the volume excess free energy and <math>\Delta G_v</math> is the same per unit volume.
At the point where the <math>\Delta G</math>-curve is at its max, we find the critical nucleus size: above this radius the nucleus is stable. Finding this size is straightforward: <math>\frac{\delta \Delta G}{\delta r} = 0 \Rightarrow r_{crit} = \frac{-2\gamma}{\Delta G_v} \Rightarrow \Delta G_{crit} = \frac{16 \pi \gamma^3}{3(\Delta G_v)^2} = \frac{4}{3}\pi r^2_{crit} \gamma</math>
 
Inserting <math>-\Delta G_v = \frac{k_B T \ln{S}}{\nu}</math> the critical energy for nucleation is <math>\Delta G_{crit} = \frac{16 \pi \gamma^3 \nu^2}{3(k_B T \ln{S})^2}</math>
 
This energy originates from random fluctuations. Rate of nucleation can thus be expressed as an Arrhenius equation: 
<math>J = A \exp(\frac{-\Delta G}{k_B T}) = A \exp(\frac{16 \pi \gamma^3 \nu^2}{3(k_B T \ln{S})^2})</math>
==Heterogeneous nucleation==
Critical energy changed due to availability of a solid surface. <math>\Delta G_{crit,hetr} = \phi\Delta G_{crit,hom}, \phi = \frac{1}{4}(2+\cos{\theta})(1-\cos{\theta})</math>
==Growth rate limits==
===Diffusion controlled growth===
Growth as change of particle radius per time is given as <math>\frac{dr}{dt} = D(C-C_S)\frac{V_m}{r}</math> where r is the radius, D is the diffusion coefficient of the growth species, C is the bulk concentration, <math>C_S</math> is the solubility concentration and <math>V_m</math> is the molecular volume. Solving gives <math>r^2 = 2D(C-C_S)V_mt + r_0^2</math>
* Diffusion controlled growth promotes unisized particles
* Can be obtained by increasing viscosity or introducing a diffusion barrier
 Radius difference between particles decreases with time: <math>\delta r = \frac{r_0\delta r_0}{\sqrt{k_Dt + r_0^2}}</math>
===Surface integration controlled growth===
Growth given by <math> G = k_g(S-1)^g</math>
* Spiral growth (most common): g = 2 at very low supersaturation and g = 1 at large supersaturation
* 2D Nucleation: g > 2
* Rough growth: g=1
'''Mononuclear growth (layer by layer):''' <math>\frac{dr}{dt} = k_mr^2 \Rightarrow \frac{1}{r}=\frac{1}{r_0} - k_mt</math> and radius difference increases with time <math>\delta r = \frac{\delta r_0}{(1-k_mr_0t)^2}</math> 
'''Polynuclear growth (multiple layers growing at once):''' <math>\frac{dr}{dt} = k_p \Rightarrow r=k_pt+r_0</math> and radius difference remains unchanged <math>\delta r = \delta r_0</math>

==Synthesis of metallic nanoparticles==
* Metal complexes in dilute solutions are reduced
* Stronger reducing agent --> smaller particles
* Polymers used as stabilizers and diffusion barriers
===Mechanisms for formation of spherical crystalline particles===
* Aggregation
* Crystal Growth
===Influences on the synthesis===
* From reducing agents
** Weak reduction agent: slow reaction rate, large particles. Slow reaction could lead to continuous formation of nuclei --> wide size distribution.
** Strong reduction agent: smaller particles.
** Affects morphology
* From other factors (Very specific examples in the text)
** Chloride ion concentration affects syntehsis of Pt nanoparticles from <math>H_2PtCl_6</math>
** Low concentration of reactant --> decreased reduction rate
* From polymer stabilizers
** Introduced to form a monolayer on nanoparticle surface to prevent agglomeration (stabilizer)
** Adsorption of polymer occupies growth sites --> growth reduced
** Diffusion barrier
** May also react with solute, catalyst or solvent
==1-D nanostructures==
===Techniques for growing===
* Spontaneous growth (Bottom-up): Driven by reduction of chemical potential (like nanoparticles) only now needs to be anisotropic
** Evaporation-condensation: Reduction in chemical potential by consumption of supersaturation
** Vapor-liquid-solid / Solution-liquid-solid (VLS/SLS)
** Stress-induced recrystallization
* Template-based synthesis (Bottom-up)
** Electroplating and electrophoretic deposition
** Colloid dispersion, melt or solution filling
** Conversion with chemical reaction
* Electrospinning (Bottom-up)
* Lithography (Top-down)

==2-D nanostructures==
===Techniques for growing===
* Vapor-phase deposition
** Performed under vacuum
* Liquid based growth

===Initial nucleation===
* Island growth / Volmer-Weber growth
* Layer growth / Frank-van der Merwe growth
* Island layer / Stranski-Krastonov growth

=Pensum Del II (Sondre Volden)=
==Optical properties of metallic nanoparticles==
===LSPR===
* Localized surface plasmon resonance
* Depends on size, morphology, metal, surroundings
===Quasi-static approximation===
* Energy levels treated as a quasi-continuum of states
* Assuming
** <math>D \le \frac{\lambda}{10}</math>
** D larger than 2 nm (more than 100 atoms)
** Volume fraction small enough to treat particles as independent
*Intensity through a medium of thickness L:
** <math>I_t=I_0\exp(-\alpha L)</math>
** For normal medium, <math>\alpha(\omega)=2\frac{\omega}{c}\Kappa(\omega)</math>
** For a matrix + nanosphere system, <math>\alpha(\omega)=\frac{9p\omega\Epsilon^{\frac{3}{2}}_m}{c}\frac{\Epsilon_2}{(\Epsilon_1+2\Epsilon_m)^2 + \Epsilon_2^2} = \frac{\omega}{\Epsilon^{\frac{1}{2}_mc}p|f(\omega)|^2 \Epsilon_2(\omega)</math>

* Større/mindre partikler, rødskift/blåskift sammenheng
* Intraband, mekanismer

Supersaturation ratio S is given as <math>S = \frac{c}{c^*}</math> and the relative supersaturation ratio <math>\sigma = \frac{\Delta c}{c^*} = S-1</math>

==Functionalization of metallic nanoparticles==
==New drug delivery vectors==
===Dendrimers===
===Gold nanoparticles===

=Pensum Del III (Tor Grande)=
==Definition of micro- meso- and macroporous materials==
==Types of porous materials==
==Synthesis strategies==
==Application areas==
=Pensum Del IV (May-Britt Hägg)=
==Basics of membrane materials and separation==
==Selected nanostructured membranes==
=Pensum Del V (Magnus Rønning)=
==Catalysis==

TFY4115 - Fysikk

2009-12-04T13:02:43Z

Mollystr: /* Eksterne linker */

{{Infobox
|Fakta høst 2009
|*Foreleser: Eivind Hiis Hauge
*Stud-ass: ???
*Vurderingsform: Skriftlig eksamen (80%), midtsemester (20%, kun positiv), arbeider (8/13 bestått)
*Eksamensdato: 18.12.09
}}

== Om faget ==

Faget TFY4115 er et grunnleggende fysikkemne, som fokuserer på klassisk mekanikk og varmelære. Det tar for seg Newtons lover for translasjon og rotasjon, udempete svingninger, og termisk fysikk med kinetisk gassteori, prosesser og varmeledning

== Lærebøker ==

'Grunnleggende fysikk - klassisk mekanikk og varmelære' av Eivind Hiis Hauge og Jon Andreas Støveng er pensumsboka til dette kurset. For de som ønsker mer utdypende forklaringer har 'Physics for Scientists and Engineers' (Tipler & Mosca), eller 'University Physics" (Young and Freedman) blitt brukt som tilleggsbok. Den innholder veldig mange eksempler og oppgaver, i motsetning til den mer korfattede 'Grunnleggende fysikk'.

== Faglig Innhold ==

'''I pensum for 2009 inngår:'''

SI-systemet

Newtons lover

Krefter

Arbeid, energi og impuls

Rotasjon om fast omdreiningsakse

Rotasjon i tredimensjoner

Svingeligningen/udempete svininger

Termisk fysikk

Kinetisk gassteori

Faseoverganger

Varmelærens første hovedsetning

Varmelærens andre hovedsetning

Varmetransport

== Eksterne linker ==

*[http://www.ntnu.no/portal/page/portal/ntnuno/AlleEmner?rootItemId=22934&selectedItemId=31007&emnekode=TFY4115&year=2009 NTNUs fagbeskrivelse]

*[http://web.phys.ntnu.no/~stovneng/BASISFYSIKK/basisfysikk.htm Lørdagsuniversitetforelesninger]

*[http://home.phys.ntnu.no/instdef/arkiv/eksamen/tfy4115/index.html Eksamensoppgaver]

*[http://www.walter-fendt.de/ Fysikk Applets]

[[Kategori:Obligatoriske emner]]
[[Kategori:Fag 1. semester]]
[[Kategori:Fag]]

TFY4115 - Fysikk

2009-12-04T13:02:27Z

Mollystr:

{{Infobox
|Fakta høst 2009
|*Foreleser: Eivind Hiis Hauge
*Stud-ass: ???
*Vurderingsform: Skriftlig eksamen (80%), midtsemester (20%, kun positiv), arbeider (8/13 bestått)
*Eksamensdato: 18.12.09
}}

== Om faget ==

Faget TFY4115 er et grunnleggende fysikkemne, som fokuserer på klassisk mekanikk og varmelære. Det tar for seg Newtons lover for translasjon og rotasjon, udempete svingninger, og termisk fysikk med kinetisk gassteori, prosesser og varmeledning

== Lærebøker ==

'Grunnleggende fysikk - klassisk mekanikk og varmelære' av Eivind Hiis Hauge og Jon Andreas Støveng er pensumsboka til dette kurset. For de som ønsker mer utdypende forklaringer har 'Physics for Scientists and Engineers' (Tipler & Mosca), eller 'University Physics" (Young and Freedman) blitt brukt som tilleggsbok. Den innholder veldig mange eksempler og oppgaver, i motsetning til den mer korfattede 'Grunnleggende fysikk'.

== Faglig Innhold ==

'''I pensum for 2009 inngår:'''

SI-systemet

Newtons lover

Krefter

Arbeid, energi og impuls

Rotasjon om fast omdreiningsakse

Rotasjon i tredimensjoner

Svingeligningen/udempete svininger

Termisk fysikk

Kinetisk gassteori

Faseoverganger

Varmelærens første hovedsetning

Varmelærens andre hovedsetning

Varmetransport

== Eksterne linker ==

*[http://www.ntnu.no/portal/page/portal/ntnuno/AlleEmner?rootItemId=22934&selectedItemId=31007&emnekode=TFY4115&year=2009 NTNUs fagbeskrivelse]

[http://web.phys.ntnu.no/~stovneng/BASISFYSIKK/basisfysikk.htm Lørdagsuniversitetforelesninger]

[http://home.phys.ntnu.no/instdef/arkiv/eksamen/tfy4115/index.html Eksamensoppgaver]

[http://www.walter-fendt.de/ Fysikk Applets]

[[Kategori:Obligatoriske emner]]
[[Kategori:Fag 1. semester]]
[[Kategori:Fag]]

TDT4105 - IT Grunnkurs

2009-12-03T08:39:26Z

Mollystr: /* Lærebøker */

{{Infobox
|Fakta høst 2009
|*Foreleser: Alf Inge Wang
*Stud-ass: ???
*Vurderingsform: Skriftlig eksamen (100%)
*Eksamensdato: 16.12.09
}}

{{Infobox
|Øvingsopplegg høst 2009
|* Antall godkjente: 8/13
* Innleveringssted: Godkjennes live
* Frist: ???
}}

== Om faget ==

Faget TDT 4105 er et innføringsfag i informasjonsteknologi. For MTNANO betyr dette å lære enkel HTML og CSS, samt Matlab.

== Lærebøker ==

Tilleggskompendiene (til Matlab og HTML) er nyttig å ha. De kan man ta med på eksamen. Ellers finnes det meste på internett. For HTML er [http://w3schools.com w3schools] en fin side.

Læreboken (teoriboken) kan være overflødig for de med noe IT-kunnskaper, men inneholder en del begreper som kan være lure å få med seg når eksamen nærmer seg. Denne boken kan enkelt skaffes brukt fra eldre studenter.

Matlab kan skaffes fra [http://infoweb.ntnu.no/programmer/generelt/progdistinfo.html progdist], og NTNUstudenter får gratis lisens.

== Eksterne linker ==

*[http://www.ntnu.no/studier/emner?emnekode=TDT4105 NTNUs fagbeskrivelse]
*[http://www.ntnu.no/studieinformasjon/timeplan/h09/?emnekode=TDT4105-1 Timeplan Høst09]

[[Kategori:Obligatoriske emner]]
[[Kategori:Fag 1. semester]]
[[Kategori:Fag]]

TDT4105 - IT Grunnkurs

2009-12-03T08:38:54Z

Mollystr:

{{Infobox
|Fakta høst 2009
|*Foreleser: Alf Inge Wang
*Stud-ass: ???
*Vurderingsform: Skriftlig eksamen (100%)
*Eksamensdato: 16.12.09
}}

{{Infobox
|Øvingsopplegg høst 2009
|* Antall godkjente: 8/13
* Innleveringssted: Godkjennes live
* Frist: ???
}}

== Om faget ==

Faget TDT 4105 er et innføringsfag i informasjonsteknologi. For MTNANO betyr dette å lære enkel HTML og CSS, samt Matlab.

== Lærebøker ==

Tilleggskompendiet (til Matlab og HTML) er nyttig å ha. De kan man ta med på eksamen. Ellers finnes det meste på internett. For HTML er [http://w3schools.com w3schools] en fin side.

Læreboken (teoriboken) kan være overflødig for de med noe IT-kunnskaper, men inneholder en del begreper som kan være lure å få med seg når eksamen nærmer seg. Denne boken kan enkelt skaffes brukt fra eldre studenter.

Matlab kan skaffes fra [http://infoweb.ntnu.no/programmer/generelt/progdistinfo.html progdist], og NTNUstudenter får gratis lisens.

== Eksterne linker ==

*[http://www.ntnu.no/studier/emner?emnekode=TDT4105 NTNUs fagbeskrivelse]
*[http://www.ntnu.no/studieinformasjon/timeplan/h09/?emnekode=TDT4105-1 Timeplan Høst09]

[[Kategori:Obligatoriske emner]]
[[Kategori:Fag 1. semester]]
[[Kategori:Fag]]

TFY4115 - Fysikk

2009-12-02T14:46:18Z

Mollystr: /* Faglig Innhold */

{{Infobox
|Fakta høst 2009
|*Foreleser: Eivind Hiis Hauge
*Stud-ass: ???
*Vurderingsform: Skriftlig eksamen (80%), midtsemester (20%, kun positiv), arbeider (8/13 bestått)
*Eksamensdato: 18.12.09
}}

== Om faget ==

Faget TFY4115 er et grunnleggende fysikkemne, som fokuserer på klassisk mekanikk og varmelære. Den tar for seg Newtons lover for translasjon og rotasjon, udempete svingninger, og termisk fysikk med kinetisk gassteori, prosesser og varmeledning

== Lærebøker ==

'Grunnleggende fysikk - klassisk mekanikk og varmelære' av Eivind Hiis Hauge og Jon Andreas Støveng er pensumsboka til dette kurset. For de som ønsker mer utdypende forklaringer har 'Physics for Scientists and Engineers' (Tipler & Mosca) blitt brukt som tilleggsbok. Den innholder veldig mange eksempler og oppgaver, i motsetning til den mer korfattet 'Grunnleggende fysikk'.

== Faglig Innhold ==

Pensum 2009 inneholder

Si-systemet

Newtons lover

Krefter

Arbeid, energi og impuls

Rotasjon om fast omdreiningsakse

Rotasjon i tredimensjoner

Svingeligningen/udempete svininger

Termisk fysikk

Kinetisk gassteori

Faseoverganger

Varmelærens første hovedsetning

Varmelærens andre hovedsetning

Varmetransport

== Eksterne linker ==

*[http://www.ntnu.no/portal/page/portal/ntnuno/AlleEmner?rootItemId=22934&selectedItemId=31007&emnekode=TFY4115&year=2009 NTNUs fagbeskrivelse]

[[Kategori:Obligatoriske emner]]
[[Kategori:Fag 1. semester]]
[[Kategori:Fag]]

TFY4115 - Fysikk

2009-12-02T14:46:02Z

Mollystr:

{{Infobox
|Fakta høst 2009
|*Foreleser: Eivind Hiis Hauge
*Stud-ass: ???
*Vurderingsform: Skriftlig eksamen (80%), midtsemester (20%, kun positiv), arbeider (8/13 bestått)
*Eksamensdato: 18.12.09
}}

== Om faget ==

Faget TFY4115 er et grunnleggende fysikkemne, som fokuserer på klassisk mekanikk og varmelære. Den tar for seg Newtons lover for translasjon og rotasjon, udempete svingninger, og termisk fysikk med kinetisk gassteori, prosesser og varmeledning

== Lærebøker ==

'Grunnleggende fysikk - klassisk mekanikk og varmelære' av Eivind Hiis Hauge og Jon Andreas Støveng er pensumsboka til dette kurset. For de som ønsker mer utdypende forklaringer har 'Physics for Scientists and Engineers' (Tipler & Mosca) blitt brukt som tilleggsbok. Den innholder veldig mange eksempler og oppgaver, i motsetning til den mer korfattet 'Grunnleggende fysikk'.

== Faglig Innhold ==

Pensum 2009 inneholder
Si-systemet

Newtons lover

Krefter

Arbeid, energi og impuls

Rotasjon om fast omdreiningsakse

Rotasjon i tredimensjoner

Svingeligningen/udempete svininger

Termisk fysikk

Kinetisk gassteori

Faseoverganger

Varmelærens første hovedsetning

Varmelærens andre hovedsetning

Varmetransport

== Eksterne linker ==

*[http://www.ntnu.no/portal/page/portal/ntnuno/AlleEmner?rootItemId=22934&selectedItemId=31007&emnekode=TFY4115&year=2009 NTNUs fagbeskrivelse]

[[Kategori:Obligatoriske emner]]
[[Kategori:Fag 1. semester]]
[[Kategori:Fag]]

TFY4115 - Fysikk

2009-12-02T14:42:13Z

Mollystr:

TFY4115 - Fysikk

2009-12-02T14:39:33Z

Mollystr: Ny side: {{Infobox |Fakta høst 2009 |*Foreleser: Eivind Hiis Hauge *Stud-ass: ??? *Vurderingsform: Skriftlig eksamen (80%), midtsemester (20%, kun positiv), arbeider (8/13 bestått) *Eksamensdato: ...

TFE4220 - Nano intro

2009-11-23T14:36:57Z

Mollystr: /* Om faget */

{{Infobox
|Fakta høst 2009
|*Foreleser: Pawel Sikorski
*Stud-ass: Andreas Bertheussen og Gøran Berntsen
*Vurderingsform: Arbeider (100 %)
}}

== Om faget ==

TFE4220 Nano intro er [[ex.fac]] til sivilingeniørstudiet i nanoteknologi. Faget er ment å gi et lite innblikk i hva nanoteknologi er, hva det kan brukes til, etc.

Faget er relativt enkelt å bestå, og det blir ikke gitt karakterer, kun bestått/ikke bestått. Vurderingen er en kombinasjon av flere deleksamener.

Nano intro består av fem moduler i tillegg til en generell introduksjon. Modulene er nanobio (foreleser Pawel Sikorski), nanomaterialer (foreleser Mari-Ann Einarsrud), nanoetikk (foreleser Rune Nydal), nano for energi og miljø (foreleser Turid Reenaas) og nanoelektronikk (foreleser Helge Weman).

Koordinatoren for faget er Helge Weman. Fra høsten 2009 er pensumsboka Introduction to Nanoscience av Hornyak, Dutta, Tibbals og Rao tatt i bruk. Den brukes ikke i alle modulene, og er mer lagt opp som ekstralesing enn pensum.

== Eksterne linker ==

*[http://www.ntnu.no/studier/emner?emnekode=TFE4220 NTNUs fagbeskrivelse]
*[http://www.ntnu.no/studieinformasjon/timeplan/h09/?emnekode=TFE4220-1 Timeplan Høst09]

[[Kategori:Obligatoriske emner]]
[[Kategori:Fag 1. semester]]
[[Kategori:Fag]]